Which stage signifies the development of shame and doubt in children?

The stage that signifies the development of shame and doubt in children is indeed the one focusing on autonomy versus shame and doubt. This stage typically occurs between the ages of 1 and 3 years and is crucial in shaping a child’s sense of independence.

During this period, children begin to assert their independence by making choices about their activities, such as choosing what to wear or deciding whether to explore their environment. When they are encouraged and supported in these endeavors, they feel a sense of autonomy, boosting their self-esteem and confidence. However, if they are overly criticized or controlled, they may instead develop feelings of shame and doubt regarding their abilities and choices.

This stage is particularly significant because it lays the foundation for how children will approach autonomy and decision-making in their future development. A healthy balance of autonomy and guidance from caregivers leads to a strong sense of self, while excessive criticism can lead to ongoing issues with self-esteem and the ability to trust their own judgment.