Which stage of development examines self-reflection at the end of life according to Erikson's theory?

The stage of development that examines self-reflection at the end of life according to Erikson's theory is Integrity vs. Despair. This stage occurs during the later years of an individual's life, typically when they are reflecting on their achievements, experiences, and the overall meaning of their existence. Erikson posits that during this final stage, individuals look back at their lives and either feel a sense of fulfillment and integrity if they believe they have led a meaningful life, or experience despair if they feel regret and disappointment about missed opportunities or unfulfilled potential.

This introspective process influences their overall sense of peace with themselves and the life they have led. Feeling a sense of integrity leads to a positive outcome, where individuals can accept their life as it is, while experiencing despair is associated with feelings of bitterness and sadness over what could have been.

In contrast, the other stages focus on different aspects of development. Trust vs. Mistrust occurs in infancy and focuses on the foundational attachment to caregivers. Generativity vs. Stagnation, typically occurring during middle adulthood, centers on the desire to contribute to society and guide the next generation. Autonomy vs. Shame, which takes place in early childhood, is about developing a sense of personal control and independence