What is the purpose of the expulsion of the placenta during the birth process?

The expulsion of the placenta marks the final stage of childbirth, concluding the delivery process. This is essential because it ensures that the uterine contractions not only help to detach the placenta from the uterine wall but also assist in reducing the risk of maternal hemorrhage by promoting uterine contractions that close blood vessels left open after the placenta is delivered. By successfully expelling the placenta, the body initiates a series of physiological changes that help stabilize the mother's condition post-delivery and prepare her body for recovery and lactation.

The other options do not accurately reflect the primary purpose of placenta expulsion. While maternal recovery is important, it is a secondary outcome rather than the main reason for the expulsion itself. Similarly, the placenta does not provide nutrients to the newborn after birth, nor does its expulsion initiate the fetal period, which occurs during gestation before delivery.