What is pruning in the context of brain development?

Pruning in the context of brain development refers to the process of synaptic pruning, which involves the degradation of synapses and the elimination of unused neurons. This process is essential for optimizing brain function as it helps to refine neural connections based on experience and environmental interactions. During early brain development, the brain produces an excess of synapses. Pruning allows the brain to eliminate those that are less active or less necessary, thereby enhancing the efficiency of neural networks. This selective elimination helps to strengthen frequently used pathways, which ultimately facilitates improved learning and cognitive function. It's a natural part of brain maturation that occurs significantly during childhood and adolescence.