What is NOT one of the substages of the sensorimotor stage?

The sensorimotor stage, as defined by Jean Piaget, encompasses a range of cognitive developments from birth to approximately two years of age. Within this stage, infants learn about the world through their senses and actions. The substages of the sensorimotor stage include critical concepts such as object permanence (the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen) and the "little scientist" substage, where infants experiment with their environment to discover various outcomes through trial and error.

The concept of abstract reasoning, however, falls outside the scope of the sensorimotor stage and is more characteristic of the later formal operational stage, where individuals become capable of hypothetical and deductive reasoning. This ability to think abstractly and apply logic to hypothetical situations develops around the age of 11 or 12, making it distinct from the primarily sensory and motor-based learning of the sensorimotor stage. Thus, identifying abstract reasoning as not belonging to the substages of the sensorimotor stage aligns accurately with Piaget’s theory of cognitive development.