What does genetic diversity refer to?

Genetic diversity refers to the range of genetic material present in a gene pool. This diversity is crucial for the survival and adaptability of a species, as it provides variations that can lead to different traits within populations. These variations can be essential for evolution, enabling populations to adapt to changing environments or resist diseases.

A population with high genetic diversity is generally more resilient to environmental changes, which allows for better chances of survival and reproduction across generations. In contrast, limited genetic diversity can lead to vulnerabilities, such as increased susceptibility to diseases or decreased ability to adapt to changes in the environment.

Understanding genetic diversity is vital in fields such as conservation biology, agriculture, and medicine, as it focuses on maintaining a varied gene pool to promote healthy populations and species.