What does fast-mapping refer to?

Fast-mapping refers to the cognitive process in which individuals, particularly young children, are able to quickly associate a new word with its corresponding concept after only a single exposure to that word in context. This ability allows them to rapidly expand their vocabulary and grasp the meanings of words without needing extensive instruction or repeated encounters.

During early language development, children often hear a new term introduced in a meaningful setting, such as a conversation or a story, and they can make an immediate link between the word and the concept it represents. This mechanism is critical because it supports vocabulary growth during the formative years when language acquisition is particularly robust. By efficiently forming these connections, children are able to learn and incorporate new terms into their language use more dynamically.

In contrast, the other options describe processes that do not accurately reflect the concept of fast-mapping. For instance, associating words with concepts after multiple exposures or through repetitive practice indicates a more gradual learning process rather than the rapid immediate association that fast-mapping embodies. Hence, the defining characteristic of fast-mapping is this quick connection made after minimal exposure, highlighting its key role in language development.