What defines extrinsic motivation?

Extrinsic motivation is characterized by engaging in a behavior or activity in order to earn rewards or avoid negative outcomes. This type of motivation originates from external factors rather than from within an individual. For instance, when someone studies not because they find the material engaging, but rather to achieve a good grade or to avoid failing, they are motivated extrinsically.

This distinction clarifies how external factors shape the motivation; rewards can include tangible items, recognition, or other benefits that validate the behavior. On the flip side, avoiding punishment represents another aspect of extrinsic motivation, where individuals perform tasks out of fear of negative consequences.

The focus on external rewards and punishments sets extrinsic motivation apart from intrinsic motivation, which derives from personal satisfaction and enjoyment found in the task itself. Understanding this distinction is crucial for recognizing how different motivations can impact learning and behavior in various contexts.