What concept introduced by Skinner relates to the learning of voluntary behavior?

The concept that relates to the learning of voluntary behavior is operant conditioning. This theory, developed by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes the role of consequences in shaping behavior. In this framework, behaviors are influenced by reinforcements or punishments that follow them. When a behavior is followed by a positive reinforcement, it is more likely to be repeated. Conversely, if a behavior is followed by a punishment, it is less likely to occur again.

Operant conditioning is distinct from classical conditioning, which primarily deals with involuntary responses and the association between stimuli. Observational learning involves learning behaviors through the observation of others, while behavior modification refers to a broader practice of changing behaviors using various techniques, including principles from operant conditioning. Thus, operant conditioning specifically addresses the learning of voluntary behaviors through reinforcement and consequences, making it the most relevant concept in this context.