During which stage do children learn to assert their will and perform tasks independently?

The stage where children learn to assert their will and perform tasks independently is Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt, which is typically associated with children aged 1 to 3 years. During this critical period of development, toddlers begin to explore their environment, make choices, and assert their independence. This is when they strive to show their capabilities and develop a sense of self-control.

As children are encouraged to make decisions about their everyday activities, such as choosing their clothes or deciding what to eat, they develop a sense of autonomy. Success in this stage leads to feelings of confidence and self-sufficiency. However, if they encounter overprotection or criticism from caregivers when trying to assert their independence, they may develop feelings of shame and doubt about their abilities.

Other stages mentioned do not focus primarily on independence in the same way. For instance, Trust vs. Mistrust emphasizes the need for consistent care and establishing trust in caregivers, and Initiative vs. Guilt centers around initiating activities and asserting power over their environment in a prescriptive, more socially interactive manner. Lastly, Industry vs. Inferiority pertains to children developing a sense of competence and achievement through mastering skills, typically occurring later in childhood. Therefore, the focus on autonomy and independent task